More than a painting — it’s a battle cry in brushstrokes.

“Spoliarium” is the most popular and impactful of all Philippine paintings. Commissioned by the Philippine government in 1884, this giant oil on canvas is housed in the National Museum of Fine Arts in Manila. It is 13.8 feet by 25 feet, the largest painting in the Philippines — and arguably the most important.

About the Painter
Juan Luna was not just a painter — he was a revolutionary, patriot, and intellectual. As an Ilustrado, Luna used his painting to advance the Filipino cause under Spanish colonial rule. His paintings were symbolic, emotional, and political.

In 1884, Luna received the gold medal in Madrid Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes for Spoliarium not only because it was a work of art, but also because it helped to advance the image of Filipinos in the global arena.

Cultural and Historical Contextual Knowledge
Spoliarium shows a poignant scene of dying gladiators being pulled out of the Roman arena, robbed of dignity and honor — a stark picture of human suffering and exploitation.

But to Filipinos, the painting was more.

It depicted the Filipino people under Spanish rule — wounded, voiceless, and dehumanized.

Jose Rizal, in his famous toast during Luna’s victory party way back in 1884, had portrayed the Spoliarium as an icon of the Philippines’ struggle for recognition, humanity, and freedom.

Why Spoliarium is Still Relevant Today
It’s a reflection of Filipino resilience — reminding us of our struggles and our fight for sovereignty.

It’s a testament to Filipino excellence— showing the world the brilliance of our minds and hearts.

It is a reminder— to never forget the pain of the past, so we may have a brighter future.

Where to See It
National Museum of Fine Arts, Manila, Philippines
Open Tuesdays through Sundays
9:00 AM – 6:00 PM
FREE Admission

Tip: After viewing Spoliarium, visit the museum’s Luna-Hidalgo Hall, whose collection also features paintings of Luna’s friend and fellow Filipino master Félix Resurrección Hidalgo.

Join the Discussion: 
– How did Spoliarium make you feel? 
– Did you ever imagine that art today could be employed as a weapon of protest?
– Which of today’s Filipino artists do you think follow the footsteps of Juan Luna?